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CHAP 1 - PRESENT & PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/07/present-continuous-tense-or-present.html)

CHAP 2 - PRESENT & PAST SIMPLE TENSE (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/07/present-indefinite-tense-or-present.html)

CHAP 3 - PRESENT & PAST PERFECT TENSE (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/07/present-perfect-tense-past-perfect.html)

CHAP 4 - PRESENT & PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/07/present-perfect-continuous-tense-past.html)

CHAP 5 - FUTURE TENSES (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/07/future-tenses-future-simple-tense-or.html)

CHAP 6 - THE USE OF IS, AM, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN WITHOUT ACTION VERB (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/07/isamarewaswerebebeen-without-action.html)

CHAP 7 - "HAVE, HAS, HAD" USED AS VERBS (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-main-uses-of-verb-have-and-had-have.html)

CHAP 8 - STATE VERBS AND ACTION VERBS (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/08/state-verbs-and-action-verbs.html)

CHAP 9 - INTRODUCTION TO CLAUSES (Click This Link: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/08/tenses-and-clauses.html)

Future Tenses - Future Simple Tense or Future Indefinite Tense - Be Going To Do - Future Continuous Tense - Future Perfect Tense

Important Note: Most Definitions and Examples on this page have been translated into Urdu Language. People who don't speak Urdu should not pay attention to these translations. Urdu Translations have been highlighted in yellow colour.






(1) Future Simple Tense for Beginner Level Students

What is Future Simple Tense?

We use Future Simple Tense when we make a decision at the time of speaking. We have not made any plans before at the time of speaking. (Urdu Meaning: Jo Kaam Karne Ka Fesla Ap Abhi Foran Karahe Hen, Us Kaam K Liye Hum Future Simple Tense Istemal Karte Hen)


Part (a)
Basic Rules of Future Simple Tense

We use first form of verb like walk, sleep, drive etc

We use auxiliary verb “WILL” which agree with all subjects in a sentence:

Part (b)
Examples:

• I will contact you. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Apse Rabta Karonga/Karongi)
• They will punish us. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Loog Hume Saza Denge)
• Aunt Helen will drop me at the library. (Urdu Meaning: Helen Aunty Mujhe Library Tak Chorh Dengi)
• All those horses will run away. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Sare Ghore Bhag Jayen Ge)

Part (c)
More Examples with sentence types:

Affirmative Sentences	Negative Sentences	Interrogative Sentences
We will change our home. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Apna Ghar Badal Len Ge)	We will not change our home. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Apna Ghar Nahi Badalen Ge)	Will we change our home? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Hum Apna Ghar Badalen Ge?)
He will solve the problem. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Masle Ko Hal Karega)	He will not solve the problem. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Masle Ko Hal Nahi Karega)	Will he solve the problem? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Woh Masle Ko Hal Karega?)

Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.





(2) Future Simple Tense for Intermediate Level Students


We use Future Simple Tense for the following reasons:

Part (a)
We use Future Simple Tense when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Hum Koi Kaam Karne Ka Foran Fesla Karen)

For example:
Person A: Did you fix the sink? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Apne Besan Thek Kara Tha?)
Person B: No, sorry I forgot. I will fix it today. (Urdu Meaning: Nahi, Sorry Mai Bhol Gya Tha/Gayi Thi. Mai Aj Isse Thek Kar Don Ga/Gi)

Person A: What would you like to have? A cup of tea or coffee? (Urdu Meaning: Ap Kiya Lena Pasand Karenge? Ek Cup Chaye ya Coffee?
Person B: I will have coffee please. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Coffee Piyon Ga/Gi)

Person A: Are you ready to work more? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Mazeed Kaam Karne K Liye Tayyar Hen?)
Person B: I think I will take some rest. (Urdu Meaning: Mere Khiyal Hai Mai Thoda Aaram Karon Ga/Gi)

Person A: Will you buy the black car? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Woh Kali Gari Khareden Ge?)
Person B: I do not think I will buy that car. It is too expensive. (Urdu Meaning: Mere Nahi Khiyal K Mai Woh Wali Gari Kharedon Ga/Gi. Woh Bht Mehengi Hai)

• I will not not go out tonight. I am not feeling well. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Aj Raat Ko Bahir Nahi Jaon Ga/Gi. Mere Tabiyat Kuch Thek Nahi Hai)

Part (b)
We use Future Simple Tense when you promise. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Hum Koi Kaam Karne Ka Wada Karen)

For example:
Person A: Please don't be late. (Urdu Meaning: Please Late Mat Hona)
Person B: I promise I will come on time. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Wada Karta/Karti Hon K Mai Time Per Aonga/Aongi)

• I will not play shooting games again. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Aindah Shooting Games Nahi Khelon Ga/Khelon Gi)
• Thank you for giving me your book. I will give it back to you tomorrow. (Urdu Meaning: Mujhe Apni Kitab Dene Ka Shukriya. Mai Isse Apko Kal Wapis Kardon Ga/Kardon Gi)

Part (c)
We use Future Simple Tense when we agree to do something. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Hum Koi Kaam Karne K Liye Razi Hojayen)

For example:
Person A: I need some money. (Urdu Meaning: Mujhe Kuch Pesson Ki Zarorat Hai)
Person B: Ok, I will lend you some money for few weeks. (Urdu Meaning: Thek Hai, Mai Apko Kuch Hafton K Liye Kuch Pese Udhar De Donga/Dongi)

Person A: Kim is really a good player. I think you should give him a chance. (Urdu Meaning: Kim Ek Acha Khilari Hai. Mere Khityal Se Apko Isse Ek Chance Dena Chahiye)
Person B: Alright! We will consider his abilities later. (Urdu Meaning: Thek Hai! Hum Baad Mai Iski Qabliyat Per Gour Karen Ge)


Part (d)
We use Future Simple Tense when we offer help to someone or show our willingness to do something. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Hum Kisi Ki Madad Karna Chah Rahe Hon)

For example:
Person A: I have problem understanding algebra. (Urdu Meaning: Mujhe Algebra Samajhne Mai Pareshani Hai)
Person B: Don't worry. I will teach you some algebra everyday. (Urdu Meaning: Fikar Mat Karen. Mai Apko Rozana Thodi Bht Algebra Sikha Donga/Dongi)

Person A: This sofa is so heavy. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Sofa Kafi Bhari Hai)
Person B: Wait! I will move it for you. (Urdu Meaning: Ruken! Mai Ap K Liye Isse Hata Don Ga/Gi)

We can also use "SHALL" to offer help to someone.
For example:
Shall I move this sofa for you? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Mai Ap K Liye Ye Sofa Hata Don?)


Part (e)
We use Future Simple Tense when request someone to do something. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Hum Kisi se Guzarish /karen)

For example:

• Will you please shut the window? I am feeling cold. (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Meherbani Kar K KhirKi Ko Band Karenge? Muhe Sardi Lag Rahi Hai)

Part (f)
We use Future Simple Tense to make predictions. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Hum Peshan-Goye Karte Hen)

For example:

• Angela has been practicing the violin for three months. She will definitely succeed in the competition. (Urdu Meaning: Angla Pichle 3 Mahino Se Violin Bajane Ki Practice Karahi Hai. Woh Muqable Mai Zaror Kamiyab Hogi)
• The doctor has advised him to take care of his health. I expect he will not smoke from now on. (Urdu Meaning: Doctor Ne Usse Apni Sehat Ka Khiyal Rakhne Ka Mashwara Diya Hai. Mai Umeed Karti/Karti Hon K Woh Ab Se Cigarette Nahi Piye Ga)

(3) Use of "BE GOING TO DO" For All Level Of Students



Part (a)
"BE GOING TO DO" is another form of Future Simple Tense in which we have already decided to do something (unlike Future Simple Tense in which we are deciding at the time of speaking). (Urdu Meaning: "Be Going To Do" Mai Hum Pehle Se Hi Decide Kar Chuke Hote Hen K Hum Kiya Karne Jarahe Hen Jabke Future Simple Tense Mai Hum Ne Kaam Karna Pehle Se Decide Nahi Kiya Hota Hai) 


For example:

Present Simple Tense (we are deciding at the time of speaking) (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Pehle Se Koi Fesla Nahi Kiya Hoa Hai, Hum Abhi Fesla Karahe Hen)	Be Going To Do (we have already decided to do something) (Urdu Meaning: Hum Pehle Se Hi Kaam Karne Ka Fesla Kar Chuke Hen)
Person A: Dan and Sarah are getting married next month. They have invited us to the wedding party. (Urdu Meaning: Dan Orr Sarah Agle Hafte Shaadi Karahe Hen. Unhon Ne Hume Apni Shadi Pe Dawat Di Hai) Person B: That’s good news! I will definitely attend their wedding party. (Urdu Meaning: Ye To Achi Khabar Hai! Mai Zaror Unki Shadi Mai Shareek Hon Ga/Gi)	Person A: Dan and Sarah are getting married next month. They have invited us to the wedding party. Person B: Yes I know. I am going to attend their wedding party. (Urdu Meaning: Jee Mujhe Malom Hai. Mai Unki Shadi Mai Shareek Hone Jaraha/Jarahi Hon)
Person A: Please don’t sit on that chair. It’s broken. (Urdu Meaning: Meherbani Karke Us Kursi Per Mat Bethna. Woh Tooti Hoye Hai) Person B: Ok, I will not use that chair. Thank You. (Urdu Meaning: Thek Hai, Mai Woh Kursi Istemal Nahi Karon Ga/Gi. Shukriya)	Person A: Please don’t sit on that chair. It’s broken. Person B: Lee has already told me. I am not going to use that chair. (Urdu Meaning: Lee Ne Muhe Pehli Hi Bata Diya Hai. Mai Woh Kursi Istemal Karne Nahi Jaraha/Jarahi Hon)

More examples:
Person A: Are you going to clean your room today? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Aj Apna Kamra Saaf Karne Jarahe Ho?
Person B: No, I am going to wash all my clothes today. (Urdu Meaning: Nahi Mai Aj Apne Sare Kapre Dhone Jaraha/Jarahi Hon)

Person A: I am going to cook something. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Kuch Pakane Jaraha/Jarahi Hon)
Person B: Really! What are you going to cook? (Urdu Meaning: Waqaye? Ap Kiya Pakane Jarahen Hen?)

• Your hotel service is really awful. We are going to complain about it. (Urdu Meaning: Apki Hotel Ki Service Bht Hi Bekar Hai. Hum Iski Shikayat Karne Jarahe Hen)

Part (b)
We use "Be Going To Do" for strong predictions while we use Future Simple Tense for normal prediction.

Present Simple Tense Normal Prediction - Not So Sure About Something	Be Going To Do Strong Prediction - Very Sure About Something
You should not eat ice-cream. You will get sick. (Urdu Meaning: Apko Ice-Cream Nahi Khani Chahiye. Ap Bimar Ho Jao Ge)	You have eaten so much ice-cream today. You are going to get sick now. (Urdu Meaning: Ap Aj Bht Zyadah Ice-Cream Kha Chuke Hen. Ab Ap Bimar Hone Jarahe Ho)
The weather forecast reports little clouds. It will probably rain tonight. (Urdu Meaning: Mehek-Maye Mosamiyat Ne Halke Badal Ki Khabar Di Hai. Aj Raat Ko Shayed Barish Ho Jaye)	Look at the clouds. It is too dark. It is going to rain tonight. (Urdu Meaning: Badal Ki Taraf Dekho. Ye Kitna Kala Hai. Aj Raat Barish Hone Jarahi Hai)

Part (c)
We use "Be going To Do" in the past for incomplete actions. (Urdu Meaning:Hum "Be going To Do" Ko Maazi Mai Istemal Karte Hen Jab Hume Ye Batana Ho K Hum Koi Kaam Karne Wale The)

For example:
I was going to call you immediately, but my cellphone battery level was almost finished. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Apko Call Karne Jarha Tha/Jarahi Thi Lekin Mere Cellphone Ki Battery Taqreban Khatam Hogye Thi)
We were going to play in the garden, but it rained. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Garden Mai Khele Jarahe The, Magar Barish Hogaye Thi)





(4) Future Continuous Tense For All Level Of Students



What is Future Continuous Tense?
We use Future Continuous Tense when we will be in the middle of doing something at a particular time in the future. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Hum Future Mai Koi Kaam Karahe Honge)


Part (a)
Basic Rules of Future Continuous Tense

We use continuous form of verb like walking, sleeping, driving etc

We use auxiliary verb “WILL BE” which agree with all subjects in a sentence:

Part (b)
Examples:

• Please do not call me between 5 to 7. I will be watching football match on TV. (Urdu Meaning: Baraye Meherbani 5 Se 7 Bje K Darmiyan Mujhe Call Mat Kijiye Ga. Mai TV Per Football Match Dekh Raha Hon Ga/Gi)
• From 2 pm to 6 pm on Saturday, we will be cleaning our shop. (Urdu Meaning: Saturday Ko Dopahar 2 Bje Se Sham 4 Bje Tak Hum Apni Dukan Ki Safaye Karahe Hon Ge)
• When you go out of the airport, your parents will be waiting for you. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Ap Airport Se Bahir Niklen Ge To Apke Parents Apka Intezar Karahe Hon Ge)
• Peter can't come tomorrow. He will be working all day. (Urdu Meaning: Kal Peter Nahi Asakta. Woh Pure Din Kam Karaha Ho Ga)

Person A: What is she doing tomorrow at 10:00? (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kal 10 Bje Kiya Karahi Hai?)
Person B: She is going to orphanage tomorrow. She will be spending some time with children there. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kal Yateeem-Khane Jarahi Hai. Woh Wahan Bachon K Sath Apna Kuch Waqt Guzar Rahi Hon Gi)


Part (c)
More Examples with sentence types:

Affirmative Sentences	Negative Sentences	Interrogative Sentences
They will be sleeping all day tomorrow. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kal Pure Din Soo Rahe Honge)	They will not be sleeping all day tomorrow. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kal Pure Din Soo Rahe Nahi Honge)	Will they be sleeping all day tomorrow? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Woh Kal Pure Din Soo Rahe Honge?)

Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.

Remember to mention future time expressions in the Future Continuous Tense.





(5) Future Perfect Tense For All Level Of Students


What is Future Perfect Tense?
We use Future Perfect Tense when something will be over before or at a particular time in the future. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Future Mai Koi Kaam Hum Khatam Kar Chuke Honge)


Part (a)
Basic Rules of Future Perfect Tense

We use third form of verb like walked, slept, driven etc

We use auxiliary verb “WILL BE” which agree with all subjects in a sentence:

Part (b)
Examples:

• We will have finished our work by 7:45 pm. You can visit us at 8 o'clock. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Sham 7:45 Bje Tak Apna Kaam Khatam Kar Chuke Hon Ge. Ap 8 Bje Humare Pas Asakte Hen) 
• The movie is not too long. It will have ended by evening. (Urdu Meaning: Movie Zyadah Lambi Nahi Hai. Sham Tak Ye Khatam Ho Chuki Hogi)
• Your elder brother will have married by the time you turn 20. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Tak Ap 20 Saal K Ho Ge, Us Waqt Tak Apke Bare Bhai Shadi Kar Chuke Honge)
• The company will have manufactured ten thousand cars by the end of May. (Urdu Meaning: Company May K Akhri Hafte Tak 10 Hazar Gariyan Bana Chuki Hogi)
• By the time time we reach there, all guests will have gone home. (Urdu Meaning: Jab Tak Hum Wahan Pohonche Ge, Sare Mehman Apne Ghar Ja Chuke Hon Ge)

Person A: When do think you will have got your masters degree? (Urdu Meaning: Apke Khiyal Se Ap Apni Masters Ki Degree Kab Tak Hasil Kar Chuke Hon Ge?)
Person B: Hopefully, I will have got my masters degree by 2016. (Urdu Meaning: Umeed Hai K Mai Saal 2016 Tak Apni Masters Ki Degree Hasil Kar Chuka Hon Ga/Gi)


Part (c)
More Examples with sentence types:

Affirmative Sentences	Negative Sentences	Interrogative Sentences
She will have become a doctor by next year. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Agle Saal Tak Doctor Ban Chuki Ho Gi)	She will not have become a doctor until next year. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Agle Saal Tak Doctor Nahi Bani Ho Gi)	Will she have become a doctor by next year? (Urdu Meaning: Kia Woh Agle Saal Tak Doctor Ban Chuki Ho Gi?)

Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.

Remember to use time expressions like "BY 2004, BY THE END OF APRIL, BY THE TIME" etc.









These notes have been conceived and prepared  by Sir Shahzad Ahmed.
Contact me: acquiescent.writer@gmail.com

Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Daily English Grammar and Vocabulary Lessons - Practice Conversation in English

Important Note: Most Definitions and Examples on this page have been translated into Urdu Language. People who don't speak Urdu should not pay attention to these translations. Urdu Translations have been highlighted in yellow colour.

(1) Present Perfect Continuous Tense for All Level of Students

What is Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

In the Present Perfect Continuous Tense, we talk about repeated actions or events for duration of time. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam Jo Hum Kafi Der Se Ya Kuch Der Se Karahe Hon)

Part (a)

Basic Rules

We use continuous form of verb like walking, sleeping, driving etc

We use auxiliary verbs “HAS BEEN or HAVE BEEN” which agree with the following subjects in a sentence:

Part (b)

Examples:

I have been waiting for you for the last two hours. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Pichle 2 Ghante Se Apka Intezar Karaha Hon)

More Examples:

• They have been playing basketball for an hour. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Loog 1 Ghante Se Basketball Khel Rahe Hen)
• He has been sleeping since morning. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Subah Se Soo Raha Hai)
• It has been snowing here since Monday evening. (Urdu Meaning: Monday Ki Sham Se Yahan Baraf-Bari Ho Rahi Hai)

Part (c)

More Examples with sentence types:

Affirmative Sentences	Negative Sentences	Interrogative Sentences
She has been watching TV since 3 pm. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Dopahar 3 Bje Se TV Dekh Rahi Hai)	She has not been watching TV since 3 pm. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Dopahar 3 Bje Se TV Nahi Dekh Rahi Hai)	Has she been watching TV since 3 pm? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Woh Dopahar 3 Bje Se TV Dekh Rahi Hai?)
We have been learning Spanish for the last six months. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Pichle 6 Mahino Se Spanish Zaban Seekh Rahe Hen)	We have not been learning Spanish for the last six months. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Pichle 6 Mahino Se Spanish Zaban Nahi Seekh Rahe Hen)	Have we been learning Spanish for the last six months? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Hum Pichle 6 Mahino Se Spanish Zaban Seekh Rahe Hen?)

Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.

Remember that we must use time expressions of “SINCE or FOR” because in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense, we talk about time duration. Lets have a look at some of those time expressions below:

There are some more time expressions used like “ALL DAY, ALL NIGHT, RECENTLY, LATELY, ALL WEEK, OVER THE LAST FEW MONTHS” etc.

Part (d)

We mostly use Present Perfect Continuous Tense in negative statements to talk about someone’s poor performance, bad health, failure etc. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Present Perfect Continuous Tense Negative Sentences Mai Uss Waqt Use Karte Hen Jab Hume Kisi Ki Kharab Performance, Sehat, Nakami etc Ki Baat Karni Ho)

For example:

• Jackie has not been feeling well recently. (Urdu Meaning: Jackie Hal Hi Mai Thek Tabiyat Mehsus Nahi Karaha)
• They have not been getting good grades in school since February. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Loog Feb Se School Mai Ache Grades Nahi La Rahe Hen)

Part (e)

We use Present Perfect Continuous Tense after we see a result. It’s up to you if we want use time expressions in such cases. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Kafi Der Baad Koi Natija Dekhne K Baad Bhi Present Perfect Continuous Tense Use Karte Hen)

For example:

Jimmy is tired. He has been working so hard all day. (= Jimmy is tired is a result of working hard) (Urdu Meaning: Jimmy Thaka Hoa Hai. Woh Aj Sara Din Bht Kaam Karaha Tha)

 More examples:

• I am injured because I have been playing football. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Zakhmi Hon Kiyon K Mai Football Khel Raha Tha)
• The water is leaking from the roof. Has it been raining all night? (Urdu Meaning: Chat Se Pani Tapak Raha Hai. Kiya Kal Sari Raat Barish Ho Rahi Thi?)
• Your hands are dirty. What have you been doing since breakfast? (Urdu Meaning: Tumhare Hath Gande Ho Rahe Hen. Tum Subah Nashte K Baad Se Kiya Karahe The?)

In the examples above, "am injured, water is leaking and hands are dirty" are the results doing something for a period of time.

(2) Past Perfect Continuous Tense for All Level of Students

What is Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

We use Past Perfect Continuous Tense when we talk about repeated actions or events which continued for duration of time and ended in the past (unlike Present Perfect Continuous Tense in which the duration of time still continues). (Urdu Meaning: Jo Kaam Hum Maazi Mai Kafi Der Tak Ya Kuch Der Tak Karahe The. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Orr Present Perfect Continuous Tense Mai Farq Sirf Itna Hai K Present Perfect Continuous Tense Mai Time Duration Jari Rehta Hai, Jabke Past Perfect Continuous Tense Mai Time Duration Khatam Ho Jata Hai)

Part (a)

Basic Rules

We use continuous form of verb like walking, sleeping, driving etc

We use auxiliary verbs “HAD BEEN” which agree with all subjects:

Part (b)

Examples:

• At last, the train arrived. We had been waiting for it for six hours. (Urdu Meaning: Akhir-Kar Train Pohonch Gaye Thi. Hum 6 Ghante Se Train Ka Intezar Karahe The)
• I gained much weight because I had been eating countless ham burgers for two months. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Kafi Wazan Barhaya Tha Kiyon K Mai 2 Mahino Se La-Tadad Hamburgers Kha Raha Tha/Rahi Thi)
• She was tired because she had been running for ten minutes. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Thaki Hoye Thi Kiyon K Woh 10 Minutes Se Bhag Rahi Thi)
• I found my Purse one day. I had been looking for it since April 2001. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Ek Din Apna Purse Dhond Liya Tha. Mai April 2001 Se Apna Purse Talash Karahi Thi)

Remember to use Past Simple Tense for results that appeared in the past. Examples are “arrived, gained, was tired and found” in the sentences above.

These notes have been conceived and prepared  by Sir Shahzad Ahmed.
Contact me: acquiescent.writer@gmail.com

Present Perfect Tense - Past Perfect Tense - Daily English Grammar and Vocabulary Lessons - Practice Conversation in English

Important Note: Most Definitions and Examples on this page have been translated into Urdu Language. People who don't speak Urdu should not pay attention to these translations. Urdu Translations have been highlighted in yellow colour.

(1) Present Perfect Tense for Beginner Level Students

What is Present Perfect Tense?

In the Present Perfect Tense, we talk about recent actions or events. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam jo bilkul Haal Hi Mai Hoa Ho)

Part (a)

Basic Rules

We use third form of verb like walked, slept, driven etc

We use auxiliary verbs “HAS or HAVE” which agree with the following subjects in a sentence:

Part (b)

Examples:

• We have found the documents. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Documents Talash Kar Chuke Hen)
• I have arrived home. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Ghar Pohonch Chuka/Chuki Hon)
• She has written two essays. (Urdu Meaning: Woh 2 Mazmoon Likh Chuki Hain)
• It has rained a lot today. (Urdu Meaning: Aj Kafi Barish Ho Chuki Hai)

Part (c)

More Examples with sentence types:

Affirmative Sentences	Negative Sentences	Interrogative Sentences
They have arranged a party. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Ek Party Arrange Kar Chuke Hain)	They have not arranged any party. (Urdu Meaning: Unhon Ne Koi Party Arrange Nahi Ki Hai)	Have they arranged a party? (Urdu Meaning: Kya Woh Ek Party Arrange Kr Chuke Hen?)
Mike has changed his socks. (Urdu Meaning: Mike Apne Mooze Badal Chuke Hen)	Mike has not changed his socks. (Urdu Meaning: Mike Ne Apne Mooze Nahi Badale Hen)	Has Mike changed his socks? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Mike Apne Moze Badal Chke Hen?)

Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.




(2) Present Perfect Tense for Intermediate Level Students

Part (a)

1^st Use of Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect Tense talks about both present and past situations in a way that something we did or happened in the past shows the result now (unlike past indefinite tense in which past actions are no longer related to current situations) (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam jo bilkul Haal Hi Mai Hoa Ho)

For example:

He has burnt his fingers. (you can imagine a result: he must be feeling pain now) (Urdu Meaning: Woh Apni Ungliyan Jala Chuka Hai. Yani Woh Bht Dard Mehsos Karaha Hoga)

More Examples:

• Bill has travelled a lot today. (you can imagine a result: Bill must be very tired now) (Urdu Meaning: Bill Aj Kafi Safar Kar Chuka Hai)
• They have not eaten anything.  (you can imagine a result: they must be hungry now) (Urdu Meaning: Unhon Ne Kuch Nahi Khaya Hai)
• The doctor has advised me to take rest. (the listener can imagine a result: you are not fine now) (Urdu Meaning: Doctor Mujhe Aram Karne Ka Mashwara De Chuke Hain)

Part (b)

2^nd Use of Present Perfect Tense

We commonly use adverbs like “JUST, ALREADY, YET, EVER, NEVER” with Present Perfect Tense.

JUST = A VERY SHORT TIME AGO (Urdu Meaning: Abhi Abhi)

For Example:

Person-A: Where is John? (Urdu Meaning: John Kahan Hai?)

Person-B: He has just left. (Urdu Meaning: John Abhi Abhi Bahir Nikla Hai)

• Your hair is wet. Have you just taken shower? (Urdu Meaning: Apke Bal Geele Hain. Kiya Apne Abhi Abhi Gusal Kiya Hai?)

ALREADY = SOONER THAN THE TIME EXPECTED (Urdu Meaning: Pehle Hi)

For Example:

Person-A: We are planning to watch the ‘Spider-Man’ movie at the cinema this weekend. Would you like to come along? (Urdu Meaning: Hum Loog Iss Hafte Cinema Mai ‘Spider-Man’ Movie Dekhne ka Plan Karahe Hen. Kiya Ap Sath Chalna Chaho Gey?)

Person-B: I have already seen that movie. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Pehle Hi Woh Movie Dekh Chuka/Chuki Hon)

Person-A: Ok, what about the ‘Bat-Man’ movie? Have you already seen it too? (Urdu Meaning: Acha, ‘Bat-Man’ Movie Kesi Rahe Gi? Kiya Ap Ye Movie Bhi Pehli Hi Dekh Chuke/Chuki Hen?)

We use “JUST and ALREADY” in affirmative and interrogative sentences with Present Perfect Tense.

YET or STILL = UNTIL THE PRESENT TIME (Urdu Meaning: Abhi Tak)

For Example:

• Smith has not finished his homework yet. (Urdu Meaning: Smith Ne Abhi Tak Apna Homework Khatam Nahi Kiya Hai)
• Have you met any of your neighbors yet? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Apne Abhi Tak Apne Kisi Parosi Se Mulaqat Ki Hai?)
• You still have not repaired my TV. (Urdu Meaning: Apne Abhi Tak Mera TV Repair Nahi Kiya Hai)

We use “YET” in negative and interrogative sentences and “STILL” in negative sentences only with Present Perfect Tense.

EVER = SOMETHING HAPPENED IN YOUR ENTIRE LIFE UP TO NOW (Urdu Meaning: Isse Pehle Kabhi)

For Example:

• Has a dog ever bitten you? (Urdu Meaning: Kia Isse Pehle Kabhi Kutta Apko Kat Chuka Hai?)
• She doesn’t seem to know anything about history. Has she ever studied it before? (Urdu Meaning: Mujhe Nahi Lagta K Woh History K Bare Mai Kuch Bhi Janti Hai. Kiya Woh Isse Pehle Kabhi History Parh Chuki Hai?)

We use “EVER” in interrogative statements only with Present Perfect Tense.

NEVER = SOMETHING WHICH HAS NOT HAPPENED IN YOUR ENTIRE LIFE UP TO NOW (Urdu Meaning: Aj Tak Kabhi Bhi Nahi)

For Example:

• I have never lost my keys. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Aj Tak Kabhi Bhi Apni Chabiyan Ghum Nahi Ki Hen)
• Andy has never appeared in romantic movies before. (Urdu Meaning: Andy Ne Aj Tak Kabhi Bhi Romantic Movies Mai Kaam Nahi Kiya Hai)

We use “NEVER” in affirmative statements only with Present Perfect Tense.

We can use “BEFORE” at the end of a sentence containing “EVER/NEVER”. It is up to you. If you use “BEFORE” separately, you can use it with all sentence types (affirmative, interrogative, negative)

For Example:

Affirmative Sentences	Negative Sentences	Interrogative Sentences
I have used that laptop before. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Pehle Bhi Ye Laptop Use Kar Chuka Hon)	I have not used that laptop before. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Isse Pehle Ye Laptop Use Nahi Kiya Hai)	Have I bought a laptop before? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Mai Isse Pehle Bhi Ye Laptop Use Kar Chuka Hon?)

There are a lot of more adverbs and time expressions which are commonly used with Present Perfect Tense. You will learn them all with the passage of time.

Part (c)

3^rd Use of Present Perfect Tense

We use time expressions of “FOR and SINCE” in negative sentences with Present Perfect Tense to show that an action or event stopped in the past which is still being discontinued. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam Jisse Hum Ne Kuch Ya Kafi Arse Se Nahi Kiya Hai)

For Example:

I have not played ice hockey for the last two years. (= action stopped two years ago and is still not happening) (Urdu Meaning: Mene 2 Saal Se Hockey Nahi Kheli Hai)

More Examples:

• Emma has not driven her car since 2005. (Urdu Meaning: Emma Ne Saal 2005 Se Apni Gari Nahi Chalaye Hai)
• You have not cleaned your room for six days. (Urdu Meaning: Apne Pichle 6 Din Se Apna Kamra Saaf Nahi Kiya Hai)
• We have not watched our favourite TV show since June. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne June k Mahine Se Apna Pasandeda TV Show Nahi Dekha Hai)
• I have not practiced math for the last four months. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Pichle 4 Mahino Se Maths Ki Practice Nahi Ki Hai)
• She has not cooked Chinese food since Monday. (Urdu Meaning: Usne Monday Se Chinese Khana Nahi Pakaya Hai)
• They have not slept for the last 20 hours. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Pichle 20 Ghante Se Soye Nahi Hen)

We can use “SINCE” in affirmative and interrogative sentences with Present Perfect Tense if we mention quantity or how many times something happened recently.

For Example:

• She has made three reports since Tuesday. (= three reports shows quantity) (Urdu Meaning: Woh Tuesday Se Ab Tak 3 Reports Bana Chuki Hen)
• Have they washed only 50 plates since morning? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Unhon Ne Subah Se Sirf 50 Plates Dhoyen Hen?)
• Lee has tried to contact me so many times since Friday. (Urdu Meaning: Lee Friday Se Kafi Dafa Mujhse Contact Karne Ki Koshish Kar Chuka Hai)

Part (d)

4^th Use of Present Perfect Tense

We use pattern ‘This/It is the first, second, third time….’ with Present Perfect Tense to say that you have just done something or didn’t do something for the first, second, third etc times in your life. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam Jo Hum Pehli, Dosri, Teesri etc Dafa Kar Chuke Hen Ya Nahi Kiya Hai)

For Example:

• This is the first time I have missed the bus. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Pehli Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Mai Apni Bus Chorh Chuka Hon)
• It is the second time you have not completed your homework. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Dosri Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Apne Apna Homework Khatam Nahi Kiya Hai)
• Is this the third time the children have taken this ride? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ye Teesri Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Bache Ye Jhula Jhul Chuke Hen?)
• It is the fourth time he has not come to office on time. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Chothi Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Woh Office Time Per Nahi Aya Hai)
• Is this the fifth time we have toured Japan? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ye Panchwee Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Hum Japan ka Tour Kar Chuke Hen?)

Part (e)

Present Perfect Tense used in a story/conversation

Important notice to students of XYZ College

Hello dear students, we hope you all are doing fine with your college activities.

This is your College head of teachers Mr.XYZ speaking to you. We have made some minor changes and have introduced some new rules for the college in the year 2014. Firstly, we have increased the college annual tuition fee for all the business degree and certificate programs by 10%. Those students who have paid their fee in advance are not bound to pay extra fee in 2014. Secondly, the public transport service within the city will be free of charges for our college students from 1^st of January 2014. The transport service will only help them arrive at college on time and go back home on daily basis. Those students who have not applied for travel cards yet, are requested to have their cards made as soon as possible. Finally, as we have already facilitated the teaching methods in the classrooms, we have decided to include some new books for your current study courses. You will not be charged for the new books.

I hope you have understood all the changes which are going to take place in 2014.

Thank You.

Administration

XYZ College

Urdu Meaning of College Notice to Students

Asalam-wa-Elekom Moiziz Students, Hum Umeed Karte Hen K Ap Apni College ki Sargarmiyan Sahi Tereeke Se Anjam De Rahe Hen.

Mai Apke College ka Head of Teachers Apse Mukhatib Hokar Baat Karha Hon. Hum Apke College K Liye Saal 2014 Mai Kuch Choti Changes Kar Chuke Hen or Kuch New Rules Bana Bana Chuke Hen. Pehli Baat, Hum Tamam Business Degree or Certificate Programs Ki Saalana Tuition Fee 10% Barha Chuke Hain. Jo Students Waqt Se Pehle Apni Fee Ada Kar Chuke Hen Woh Saal 2014 Mai Extra Fee Ada Karne K Paband Nahi Hen. Dosri Baat, 1^st January 2104 Se Hamare College K Students K Liye City k Andar Public Transport Muft Hogi. Ye Transport Rozana Ki Bunyaad Par Sirf Apko Waqt Per College Aane or Wapis Ghar Jane Mai Madad Karengi. Jin Students Ne abhi Tak Apne Travel Cards Nahi Banayen Hen, Unse Guzarish Ki Jaati Hai k Woh Jald se Jald Apne Cards Banwa Len. Akhri Baat, Jesa k Hum Classrooms Mai Parhane K Tareeqon Ko Behter Kar Chuke Hen, Hum Apke Courses Mai Kuch New Books Shamil Karne Ka Fesla Kar Chuke Hen. New Books K Liye Apse Se Koi Pese Nahi Liye Jayenge.

Mai Umeed Karta Hon k Ap Saal 2014 Mai Hone Wale Changes ko Samajh Chuke Hen.

Administration

XYZ College

To learn the concept of "HAVE HAD", click here: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-main-uses-of-verb-have-and-had-have.html) 

(3) Past Perfect Tense for all Level of Students

What is Past Perfect Tense?

In the Past Perfect Tense, we simply talk about recent actions or events which took place in the past. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam jo Mazi Mai Ho Chuka Tha or Mazi k Hi Kisi Waqaye Se Jura Hoa Ho)

Part (a)

Basic Rules

We use third form of verb like walked, slept, driven etc

We use auxiliary verbs “HAD” which agree with all subjects in a sentence:

Part (b)

Examples:

• I had quit smoking. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Smoking Chorh Chuka Tha)
• She had checked all the records. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Sare Records Check Kar Chuke The)
• My uncle had told some jokes about monsters. (Urdu Meaning: Mere Uncle Monsters K Bare Mai Kuch Jokes Suna Chuke The)
• They had read those books. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Un Books Ko Parh Chuke The)
• We had tried our best. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Apni Pori Koshish Kar Chuke The)

Part (c)

More Examples with sentence types:

Affirmative Sentences	Negative Sentences	Interrogative Sentences
It had rained a lot that day. (Urdu Meaning: Us Din Kafi Barish Ho Chuki Thi)	It had not rained a lot that day. (Urdu Meaning: Us Din Bohat Zyadah Barish Nahi Hoye Thi)	Had it rained a lot that day? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Us Din Kafi Barish Ho Chuki Thi?)
He had sold his home. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Apna Ghar Bech Chuka Tha)	He had not sold his home. (Urdu Meaning: Usne Apna Ghar Nahi Becha Tha)	Had he sold his home? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Woh Apna Ghar Bech Chuka Tha?)

Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.

Part (d)

A simple comparison between Present Perfect Tense and Past Perfect Tense

In order to understand the Past Perfect Tense easily, we should compare it with the Present Perfect Tense because the rules of both tenses are quite similar. (Urdu Meaning: Past Perfect Tense Ko Samajhne Ka Sab Se Aasan Tareeqa Ye Hai K Hum Isko Present Perfect Tense k Sath Milayen)

For Example:

Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense
He has just finished his work. (Urdu Meaning: Usne Abhi Abhi Apna Kaam Khatam Kiya Hai)	He had just finished his work. (Urdu Meaning: Usne Ussi Waqt Apna Kaam Khatam Kar Liya Tha)
She has already chosen the white dress. (Urdu Meaning: Who Pehle Hi White Dress Pasand Kar Chuki Hai)	She had already chosen the white dress. (Urdu Meaning: Who Pehle Hi White Dress Pasand Kar Chuki Thi)
We have not learnt how to cook yet. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Abhi Tak Nahi Seekha Hai k Khana Kese Pakta Hai)	We had not learnt how to cook yet. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Us Waqt Tak Nahi Seekha Tha k Khana Kese Pakta Hai)
Have you ever met him before? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Pehle Bhi Usse Mulaqat Kar Chuke Hen?)	Had you ever met him before? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Pehle Bhi Usse Mulaqat Kar Chuke The?)
He has never slept on the sofa. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Pehle Kabhi Bhi Sofe Par Nahi Soya Hai)	He had never slept on the sofa. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Pehle Kabhi Bhi Sofe Par Nahi Soya Tha)
This is the first time they have gone fishing. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Pehli Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Woh Log Fishing Per Gaye Hen)	That was the first time they had gone fishing. (Urdu Meaning: Aesa Pehli Bar Hoa Tha k Woh Log Fishing Per Gaye The)

Part (e)

Main use of the Past Perfect Tense

We normally do not use the Past Perfect Tense separately as we use other tenses. We have to connect a past action or event with the Past Perfect Tense to complete the purpose of your initial action. (Urdu Meaning: Past Perfect Tense K Sath Hume Past Simple Tense Istemal Karna Zarori Hai. Hum Past Perfect Tense Ko Akele Use Nahi Karte)

For Example:

I went back home because I had forgotten my keys at home. (= ‘went’ is a past action which should be connected with ‘had forgotten’ to say why you went back home) (Urdu Meaning: Mai Wapis Ghar Chala Gya Tha Kiyon K Mai Apni Chabiyan Ghar Pe Bhol Chuka Tha)

More Examples:

• We did not swim in the evening because we had already swum enough in the morning. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Sham Ko Swimming Nahi Ki Thi Kiyon K Hum Subah Pehle Hi Kafi Swimming Karchuke The)
• A wild cat had bitten me so I went to the hospital immediately. (Urdu Meaning: Ek Jungli Billi Ne Mujhe Kata Tha Isliye Mai Foran Hospital Chala Gya Tha)
• We enjoyed that musical show so much because we had never seen such a show before. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Woh Musical Show Bohat Enjoy Kiya Tha Kiyon K Hum Ne Isse Pehle Kabhi Bhi Aesa Show Nahi Dekha Tha)
• I had already taken 100 photos, so I did not need to take more. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Pehli Hi 100 Pictures Khench Chuka Tha Isliye Mujhe mazeed Pictures Khenchne Ki Zarorat Nahi Pari Thi)
• That was really a difficult time. We had never experienced it before. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Waqt Waqaye Mushkil Tha. Hum Isse Pehle Kabhi Aese Waqt Se Nahi Guzre The)
• The bank manager called me to tell me someone had tried to access my username and password. (Urdu Meaning: Bank Manager Ne Mujhe Call Kar k Bataya k Kisi Ne Mere Username Orr Password Tak Rasayee Ki Koshish Ki Thi)
• I got to the office late that day. That was the first time I had missed the bus. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Us Din Office Der Se Pohoncha Tha. Aesa Pehli Bar Hoa Tha k Mai Apni Bus Chorh Chuka Tha)
• They wanted to take rest immediately because they had not slept for 2 days. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Foran Aram Karna Chahte The Kiyon K Woh 2 Din Se Soye nahi The)

The Past Perfect Tense is rarely used in spoken English. Many native speakers use Past Simple Tense instead.

For Example:

• The dog bit me so I went to the hospital immediately. (both actions are Past Simple)
• They wanted to take rest immediately because they did not sleep for 2 days. (both actions are Past Simple)

These notes have been conceived and prepared  by Sir Shahzad Ahmed.
Contact me: acquiescent.writer@gmail.com