Important Note: Most Definitions and Examples on this page have been translated into Urdu Language. People who don't speak Urdu should not pay attention to these translations. Urdu Translations have been highlighted in yellow colour.
(1) Present Perfect Continuous Tense for All Level of Students
What
is Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
In the Present Perfect Continuous Tense,
we talk about repeated actions or events for duration of time. (Urdu Meaning:
Woh Kaam Jo Hum Kafi Der Se Ya Kuch Der Se Karahe Hon)
Part (a)
Basic Rules
We use continuous form of verb like
walking, sleeping, driving etc
We use auxiliary verbs “HAS BEEN or HAVE BEEN” which agree
with the following subjects in a sentence:
Part (b)
Examples:
I have been waiting
for you for the last two hours. (Urdu Meaning: Mai
Pichle 2 Ghante Se Apka Intezar Karaha Hon)
More
Examples:
- They have been playing basketball for an hour. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Loog 1 Ghante Se Basketball Khel Rahe Hen)
- He has been sleeping since morning. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Subah Se Soo Raha Hai)
- It has been snowing here since Monday evening. (Urdu Meaning: Monday Ki Sham Se Yahan Baraf-Bari Ho Rahi Hai)
Part (c)
More Examples with sentence types:
Affirmative Sentences
|
Negative Sentences
|
Interrogative Sentences
|
She has
been watching TV since 3 pm.
(Urdu Meaning: Woh Dopahar 3 Bje Se
TV Dekh Rahi Hai)
|
She has
not been watching TV since 3 pm.
(Urdu Meaning: Woh Dopahar 3 Bje Se
TV Nahi Dekh Rahi Hai)
|
Has she been
watching TV since 3 pm?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Woh Dopahar 3 Bje
Se TV Dekh Rahi Hai?)
|
We have been learning Spanish for the last six months.
(Urdu Meaning: Hum Pichle 6 Mahino Se
Spanish Zaban Seekh Rahe Hen)
|
We have not been learning Spanish for the last six months.
(Urdu Meaning: Hum Pichle 6 Mahino Se
Spanish Zaban Nahi Seekh Rahe Hen)
|
Have we been learning Spanish for the last six months?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Hum Pichle 6
Mahino Se Spanish Zaban Seekh Rahe Hen?)
|
Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative
sentences.
Remember that we must
use time expressions of “SINCE or FOR” because in the Present Perfect
Continuous Tense, we talk about time duration. Lets have a look at some of
those time expressions below:
There are some more
time expressions used like “ALL DAY, ALL NIGHT, RECENTLY, LATELY, ALL WEEK,
OVER THE LAST FEW MONTHS” etc.
Part (d)
We mostly use Present Perfect Continuous Tense in
negative statements to talk about someone’s poor performance, bad health,
failure etc. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Present Perfect Continuous Tense Negative Sentences Mai Uss Waqt Use Karte Hen Jab Hume Kisi Ki Kharab Performance, Sehat, Nakami etc Ki Baat Karni Ho)
For example:
- Jackie has not been feeling well recently. (Urdu Meaning: Jackie Hal Hi Mai Thek Tabiyat Mehsus Nahi Karaha)
- They have not been getting good grades in school since February. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Loog Feb Se School Mai Ache Grades Nahi La Rahe Hen)
Part (e)
We
use Present Perfect Continuous Tense after we see a result. It’s up to you if
we want use time expressions in such cases.
For example:
Jimmy
is tired. He has been working so hard all day. (= Jimmy is tired is a result of
working hard) (Urdu Meaning: Jimmy Thaka Hoa Hai. Woh Aj Sara Din Bht Kaam Karaha Tha)
More examples:
- I am injured because I have been playing football. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Zakhmi Hon Kiyon K Mai Football Khel Raha Tha)
- The water is leaking from the roof. Has it been raining all night? (Urdu Meaning: Chat Se Pani Tapak Raha Hai. Kiya Kal Sari Raat Barish Ho Rahi Thi?)
- Your hands are dirty. What have you been doing since breakfast? (Urdu Meaning: Tumhare Hath Gande Ho Rahe Hen. Tum Subah Nashte K Baad Se Kiya Karahe The?)
In the examples above, "am injured, water is leaking and hands are dirty" are the results doing something for a period of time.
(2) Past Perfect Continuous Tense for All Level of Students
What
is Past Perfect Continuous Tense?
We use Past Perfect Continuous Tense
when we talk about repeated actions or events which continued for duration of
time and ended in the past (unlike Present Perfect Continuous Tense in which
the duration of time still continues). (Urdu Meaning: Jo Kaam Hum Maazi
Mai Kafi Der Tak Ya Kuch Der Tak Karahe The. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Orr
Present Perfect Continuous Tense Mai Farq Sirf Itna Hai K Present Perfect
Continuous Tense Mai Time Duration Jari Rehta Hai, Jabke Past Perfect
Continuous Tense Mai Time Duration Khatam Ho Jata Hai)
Part (a)
Basic Rules
We use continuous form of verb like
walking, sleeping, driving etc
We use auxiliary verbs “HAD BEEN” which agree with all
subjects:
Part (b)
Examples:
- At last, the train arrived. We had been waiting for it for six hours. (Urdu Meaning: Akhir-Kar Train Pohonch Gaye Thi. Hum 6 Ghante Se Train Ka Intezar Karahe The)
- I gained much weight because I had been eating countless ham burgers for two months. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Kafi Wazan Barhaya Tha Kiyon K Mai 2 Mahino Se La-Tadad Hamburgers Kha Raha Tha/Rahi Thi)
- She was tired because she had been running for ten minutes. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Thaki Hoye Thi Kiyon K Woh 10 Minutes Se Bhag Rahi Thi)
- I found my Purse one day. I had been looking for it since April 2001. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Ek Din Apna Purse Dhond Liya Tha. Mai April 2001 Se Apna Purse Talash Karahi Thi)
Remember to use Past Simple Tense for
results that appeared in the past. Examples are “arrived, gained, was tired and found”
in the sentences above.
These notes have been conceived and prepared by Sir Shahzad Ahmed.
Contact me: acquiescent.writer@gmail.com
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