Important Note: Most Definitions and Examples on this page have been translated into Urdu Language. People who don't speak Urdu should not pay attention to these translations. Urdu Translations have been highlighted in yellow colour.
(1) Present Perfect Tense for Beginner Level Students
What is Present Perfect Tense?
In the Present Perfect Tense, we talk
about recent actions or events. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam jo bilkul Haal
Hi Mai Hoa Ho)
Part (a)
Basic Rules
We use third form of verb like walked,
slept, driven etc
We use auxiliary
verbs “HAS or HAVE” which agree with
the following subjects in a sentence:
Part (b)
Examples:
- We have found the documents. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Documents Talash Kar Chuke Hen)
- I have arrived home. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Ghar Pohonch Chuka/Chuki Hon)
- She has written two essays. (Urdu Meaning: Woh 2 Mazmoon Likh Chuki Hain)
- It has rained a lot today. (Urdu Meaning: Aj Kafi Barish Ho Chuki Hai)
Part (c)
More Examples with sentence types:
Affirmative Sentences
|
Negative Sentences
|
Interrogative Sentences
|
They have arranged a party.
(Urdu Meaning: Woh Ek Party
Arrange Kar Chuke Hain)
|
They have not arranged any party.
(Urdu Meaning: Unhon Ne Koi Party
Arrange Nahi Ki Hai)
|
Have they arranged a party?
(Urdu Meaning: Kya Woh Ek Party
Arrange Kr Chuke Hen?)
|
Mike has changed his socks.
(Urdu Meaning: Mike Apne Mooze
Badal Chuke Hen)
|
Mike has not changed his socks.
(Urdu Meaning: Mike Ne Apne Mooze Nahi
Badale Hen)
|
Has Mike changed his socks?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Mike Apne
Moze Badal Chke Hen?)
|
Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.
(2) Present Perfect Tense for Intermediate Level Students
Part (a)
1st Use of Present
Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect Tense talks about
both present and past situations in a way that something we did or happened in
the past shows the result now (unlike past indefinite tense in which
past actions are no longer related to current situations) (Urdu Meaning: Woh
Kaam jo bilkul Haal Hi Mai Hoa Ho)
For example:
More Examples:
- Bill has travelled a lot today. (you can imagine a result: Bill must be very tired now) (Urdu Meaning: Bill Aj Kafi Safar Kar Chuka Hai)
- They have not eaten anything. (you can imagine a result: they must be hungry now) (Urdu Meaning: Unhon Ne Kuch Nahi Khaya Hai)
- The doctor has advised me to take rest. (the listener can imagine a result: you are not fine now) (Urdu Meaning: Doctor Mujhe Aram Karne Ka Mashwara De Chuke Hain)
2nd Use of Present
Perfect Tense
We commonly
use adverbs like “JUST, ALREADY, YET,
EVER, NEVER” with Present Perfect
Tense.
JUST = A VERY SHORT TIME AGO (Urdu Meaning: Abhi Abhi)
For Example:
Person-A: Where is John? (Urdu Meaning: John Kahan Hai?)
Person-B: He has just left. (Urdu Meaning: John Abhi Abhi Bahir Nikla
Hai)
- Your hair is wet. Have you just taken shower? (Urdu Meaning: Apke Bal Geele Hain. Kiya Apne Abhi Abhi Gusal Kiya Hai?)
ALREADY = SOONER THAN THE TIME EXPECTED (Urdu Meaning: Pehle Hi)
For Example:
Person-A: We are planning to watch the
‘Spider-Man’ movie at the cinema this weekend. Would you like to come along? (Urdu Meaning: Hum Loog Iss Hafte Cinema Mai
‘Spider-Man’ Movie Dekhne ka Plan Karahe Hen. Kiya Ap Sath Chalna Chaho Gey?)
Person-B: I have already seen
that movie. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Pehle
Hi Woh Movie Dekh Chuka/Chuki Hon)
Person-A: Ok, what about the ‘Bat-Man’
movie? Have you already seen it too? (Urdu Meaning: Acha, ‘Bat-Man’ Movie Kesi Rahe Gi? Kiya Ap Ye
Movie Bhi Pehli Hi Dekh Chuke/Chuki Hen?)
We use “JUST and ALREADY” in affirmative and interrogative sentences with Present Perfect Tense.
YET or
STILL = UNTIL THE PRESENT TIME (Urdu Meaning: Abhi Tak)
For Example:
- Smith has not finished his homework yet. (Urdu Meaning: Smith Ne Abhi Tak Apna Homework Khatam Nahi Kiya Hai)
- Have you met any of your neighbors yet? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Apne Abhi Tak Apne Kisi Parosi Se Mulaqat Ki Hai?)
- You still have not repaired my TV. (Urdu Meaning: Apne Abhi Tak Mera TV Repair Nahi Kiya Hai)
We use “YET” in negative and interrogative sentences and “STILL” in negative sentences only with
Present Perfect Tense.
EVER
= SOMETHING HAPPENED IN YOUR ENTIRE LIFE UP TO NOW (Urdu
Meaning: Isse Pehle Kabhi)
For Example:
- Has a dog ever bitten you? (Urdu Meaning: Kia Isse Pehle Kabhi Kutta Apko Kat Chuka Hai?)
- She doesn’t seem to know anything about history. Has she ever studied it before? (Urdu Meaning: Mujhe Nahi Lagta K Woh History K Bare Mai Kuch Bhi Janti Hai. Kiya Woh Isse Pehle Kabhi History Parh Chuki Hai?)
We use “EVER” in interrogative statements only with Present Perfect Tense.
NEVER
= SOMETHING WHICH HAS NOT HAPPENED IN YOUR ENTIRE LIFE UP TO NOW (Urdu
Meaning: Aj Tak Kabhi Bhi Nahi)
For Example:
- I have never lost my keys. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Aj Tak Kabhi Bhi Apni Chabiyan Ghum Nahi Ki Hen)
- Andy has never appeared in romantic movies before. (Urdu Meaning: Andy Ne Aj Tak Kabhi Bhi Romantic Movies Mai Kaam Nahi Kiya Hai)
We use “NEVER” in affirmative statements only with Present Perfect Tense.
We can use “BEFORE” at the end of a sentence containing “EVER/NEVER”. It is up to you. If you use “BEFORE” separately, you can use it with all sentence types
(affirmative, interrogative, negative)
For Example:
Affirmative Sentences
|
Negative Sentences
|
Interrogative Sentences
|
I have used that laptop before. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Pehle Bhi Ye Laptop Use Kar Chuka Hon)
|
I have not used that laptop before.
(Urdu Meaning: Mene Isse
Pehle Ye Laptop Use Nahi Kiya Hai)
|
Have I bought
a laptop before?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Mai Isse Pehle Bhi Ye Laptop Use Kar Chuka Hon?)
|
There are a
lot of more adverbs and time expressions which are commonly used with Present
Perfect Tense. You will learn them all with the passage of time.
Part (c)
3rd Use of Present
Perfect Tense
We use time expressions of “FOR
and SINCE” in negative sentences with Present Perfect Tense to show that an action or event stopped in the
past which is still being discontinued. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam Jisse Hum Ne Kuch Ya Kafi Arse Se Nahi Kiya Hai)
For
Example:
I have not played ice hockey for the last two years. (= action stopped two years ago and is
still not happening) (Urdu
Meaning: Mene 2 Saal Se Hockey Nahi Kheli Hai)
More Examples:
- Emma has not driven her car since 2005. (Urdu Meaning: Emma Ne Saal 2005 Se Apni Gari Nahi Chalaye Hai)
- You have not cleaned your room for six days. (Urdu Meaning: Apne Pichle 6 Din Se Apna Kamra Saaf Nahi Kiya Hai)
- We have not watched our favourite TV show since June. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne June k Mahine Se Apna Pasandeda TV Show Nahi Dekha Hai)
- I have not practiced math for the last four months. (Urdu Meaning: Mene Pichle 4 Mahino Se Maths Ki Practice Nahi Ki Hai)
- She has not cooked Chinese food since Monday. (Urdu Meaning: Usne Monday Se Chinese Khana Nahi Pakaya Hai)
- They have not slept for the last 20 hours. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Pichle 20 Ghante Se Soye Nahi Hen)
We can use “SINCE” in affirmative and interrogative sentences with Present Perfect Tense if we mention quantity
or how many times something happened recently.
For
Example:
- She has made three reports since Tuesday. (= three reports shows quantity) (Urdu Meaning: Woh Tuesday Se Ab Tak 3 Reports Bana Chuki Hen)
- Have they washed only 50 plates since morning? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Unhon Ne Subah Se Sirf 50 Plates Dhoyen Hen?)
- Lee has tried to contact me so many times since Friday. (Urdu Meaning: Lee Friday Se Kafi Dafa Mujhse Contact Karne Ki Koshish Kar Chuka Hai)
Part (d)
4th Use of Present
Perfect Tense
We use pattern ‘This/It is the
first, second, third time….’ with Present Perfect Tense to say that you have
just done something or didn’t do something for the first, second, third etc
times in your life. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Kaam Jo Hum Pehli, Dosri, Teesri etc Dafa Kar Chuke Hen Ya Nahi Kiya Hai)
For
Example:
- This is the first time I have missed the bus. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Pehli Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Mai Apni Bus Chorh Chuka Hon)
- It is the second time you have not completed your homework. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Dosri Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Apne Apna Homework Khatam Nahi Kiya Hai)
- Is this the third time the children have taken this ride? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ye Teesri Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Bache Ye Jhula Jhul Chuke Hen?)
- It is the fourth time he has not come to office on time. (Urdu Meaning: Ye Chothi Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Woh Office Time Per Nahi Aya Hai)
- Is this the fifth time we have toured Japan? (Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ye Panchwee Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Hum Japan ka Tour Kar Chuke Hen?)
Part (e)
Present Perfect Tense used in a story/conversation
Important notice to students of XYZ College
Hello dear students, we hope you
all are doing fine with your college activities.
This is your College head of
teachers Mr.XYZ speaking to you. We have made some minor changes and have
introduced some new rules for the college in the year 2014. Firstly, we have
increased the college annual tuition fee for all the business degree and
certificate programs by 10%. Those students who have paid their fee in
advance are not bound to pay extra fee in 2014. Secondly, the public transport
service within the city will be free of charges for our college students from 1st
of January 2014. The transport service will only help them arrive at college on
time and go back home on daily basis. Those students who have not applied
for travel cards yet, are requested to have their cards made as soon as
possible. Finally, as we have already facilitated the teaching methods
in the classrooms, we have decided to include some new books for your
current study courses. You will not be charged for the new books.
I hope you have understood
all the changes which are going to take place in 2014.
Thank You.
Administration
XYZ College
Urdu
Meaning of College Notice to Students
Asalam-wa-Elekom Moiziz Students, Hum Umeed Karte Hen K Ap Apni
College ki Sargarmiyan Sahi Tereeke Se Anjam De Rahe Hen.
Mai Apke College ka Head of Teachers Apse Mukhatib Hokar Baat Karha
Hon. Hum Apke College K Liye Saal 2014 Mai Kuch Choti Changes Kar Chuke Hen or Kuch
New Rules Bana Bana Chuke Hen. Pehli Baat, Hum Tamam Business Degree or Certificate
Programs Ki Saalana Tuition Fee 10% Barha Chuke Hain. Jo Students Waqt Se Pehle
Apni Fee Ada Kar Chuke Hen Woh Saal 2014 Mai Extra Fee Ada Karne K Paband Nahi Hen.
Dosri Baat, 1st January 2104 Se Hamare College K Students K Liye
City k Andar Public Transport Muft Hogi. Ye Transport Rozana Ki Bunyaad Par
Sirf Apko Waqt Per College Aane or Wapis Ghar Jane Mai Madad Karengi. Jin
Students Ne abhi Tak Apne Travel Cards Nahi Banayen Hen, Unse Guzarish Ki Jaati
Hai k Woh Jald se Jald Apne Cards Banwa Len. Akhri Baat, Jesa k Hum Classrooms Mai Parhane K Tareeqon Ko Behter Kar Chuke Hen, Hum Apke Courses Mai
Kuch New Books Shamil Karne Ka Fesla Kar Chuke Hen. New Books K Liye Apse Se Koi
Pese Nahi Liye Jayenge.
Mai Umeed Karta Hon k Ap Saal 2014 Mai Hone Wale Changes ko Samajh
Chuke Hen.
Administration
XYZ College
To learn the concept of "HAVE HAD", click here: http://amtuq1.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-main-uses-of-verb-have-and-had-have.html)
(3) Past Perfect Tense for all Level of Students
What is Past Perfect Tense?
In the Past Perfect Tense, we simply
talk about recent actions or events which took place in the past. (Urdu
Meaning: Woh Kaam jo Mazi Mai Ho Chuka Tha or Mazi k Hi Kisi Waqaye Se Jura Hoa Ho)
Part (a)
Basic Rules
We use third form of verb like walked,
slept, driven etc
We use auxiliary
verbs “HAD” which agree with all subjects in a sentence:
Part (b)
Examples:
- I had quit smoking. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Smoking Chorh Chuka Tha)
- She had checked all the records. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Sare Records Check Kar Chuke The)
- My uncle had told some jokes about monsters. (Urdu Meaning: Mere Uncle Monsters K Bare Mai Kuch Jokes Suna Chuke The)
- They had read those books. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Un Books Ko Parh Chuke The)
- We had tried our best. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Apni Pori Koshish Kar Chuke The)
Part (c)
More Examples with sentence types:
Affirmative Sentences
|
Negative Sentences
|
Interrogative Sentences
|
It had rained a lot that day.
(Urdu Meaning: Us Din Kafi Barish Ho Chuki Thi)
|
It had not rained a lot that day.
(Urdu Meaning: Us Din Bohat Zyadah Barish Nahi Hoye Thi)
|
Had it rained a lot that day?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Us Din Kafi Barish Ho Chuki Thi?)
|
He had sold his home.
(Urdu Meaning: Woh Apna Ghar Bech Chuka Tha)
|
He had not sold his home.
(Urdu Meaning: Usne Apna Ghar Nahi Becha Tha)
|
Had he sold his home?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Woh Apna
Ghar Bech Chuka Tha?)
|
Homework: Change the sentences in part (b) examples into negative and interrogative sentences.
Part (d)
A simple comparison
between Present Perfect Tense and Past Perfect Tense
In order to
understand the Past Perfect
Tense easily, we should compare it with the Present Perfect Tense because the
rules of both tenses are quite similar. (Urdu Meaning: Past Perfect Tense Ko Samajhne Ka Sab Se Aasan Tareeqa Ye Hai K Hum Isko Present Perfect Tense k Sath Milayen)
Present
Perfect Tense
|
Past
Perfect Tense
|
He
has just finished his work.
(Urdu Meaning: Usne Abhi Abhi Apna Kaam Khatam Kiya Hai)
|
He
had just finished his work.
(Urdu Meaning: Usne Ussi Waqt Apna Kaam Khatam Kar Liya Tha)
|
She
has already chosen the white dress.
(Urdu Meaning: Who Pehle Hi White Dress Pasand Kar Chuki Hai)
|
She
had already chosen the white dress.
(Urdu Meaning: Who Pehle Hi White Dress Pasand Kar Chuki Thi)
|
We have not learnt how to
cook yet.
(Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Abhi Tak Nahi Seekha Hai k Khana Kese Pakta Hai)
|
We had not learnt how to cook
yet.
(Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Us Waqt Tak Nahi Seekha Tha k Khana Kese Pakta
Hai)
|
Have
you ever met him before?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Pehle Bhi Usse Mulaqat Kar Chuke Hen?)
|
Had
you ever met him before?
(Urdu Meaning: Kiya Ap Pehle Bhi Usse Mulaqat Kar Chuke The?)
|
He has never slept on the
sofa.
(Urdu Meaning: Woh Pehle Kabhi Bhi Sofe Par Nahi Soya Hai)
|
He had never slept on the
sofa.
(Urdu Meaning: Woh Pehle Kabhi Bhi Sofe Par Nahi Soya Tha)
|
This is
the first time they have gone fishing.
(Urdu Meaning: Ye Pehli Bar Aesa Hoa Hai k Woh Log Fishing Per Gaye Hen)
|
That was
the first time they had gone fishing.
(Urdu Meaning: Aesa Pehli Bar Hoa Tha k Woh Log Fishing Per Gaye The)
|
Part (e)
Main use of the Past Perfect Tense
We normally do not use the Past Perfect Tense separately as we use
other tenses. We have to connect a past action or event with the Past Perfect
Tense to complete the purpose of your initial action. (Urdu Meaning: Past Perfect Tense K Sath Hume Past Simple Tense Istemal Karna Zarori Hai. Hum Past Perfect Tense Ko Akele Use Nahi Karte)
For
Example:
I went
back home because I had forgotten my keys at home. (= ‘went’ is a past action which should be connected
with ‘had forgotten’ to say why you went back home) (Urdu
Meaning: Mai Wapis Ghar Chala Gya Tha Kiyon K Mai Apni Chabiyan Ghar Pe Bhol Chuka Tha)
More Examples:
- We did not swim in the evening because we had already swum enough in the morning. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Sham Ko Swimming Nahi Ki Thi Kiyon K Hum Subah Pehle Hi Kafi Swimming Karchuke The)
- A wild cat had bitten me so I went to the hospital immediately. (Urdu Meaning: Ek Jungli Billi Ne Mujhe Kata Tha Isliye Mai Foran Hospital Chala Gya Tha)
- We enjoyed that musical show so much because we had never seen such a show before. (Urdu Meaning: Hum Ne Woh Musical Show Bohat Enjoy Kiya Tha Kiyon K Hum Ne Isse Pehle Kabhi Bhi Aesa Show Nahi Dekha Tha)
- I had already taken 100 photos, so I did not need to take more. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Pehli Hi 100 Pictures Khench Chuka Tha Isliye Mujhe mazeed Pictures Khenchne Ki Zarorat Nahi Pari Thi)
- That was really a difficult time. We had never experienced it before. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Waqt Waqaye Mushkil Tha. Hum Isse Pehle Kabhi Aese Waqt Se Nahi Guzre The)
- The bank manager called me to tell me someone had tried to access my username and password. (Urdu Meaning: Bank Manager Ne Mujhe Call Kar k Bataya k Kisi Ne Mere Username Orr Password Tak Rasayee Ki Koshish Ki Thi)
- I got to the office late that day. That was the first time I had missed the bus. (Urdu Meaning: Mai Us Din Office Der Se Pohoncha Tha. Aesa Pehli Bar Hoa Tha k Mai Apni Bus Chorh Chuka Tha)
- They wanted to take rest immediately because they had not slept for 2 days. (Urdu Meaning: Woh Foran Aram Karna Chahte The Kiyon K Woh 2 Din Se Soye nahi The)
The Past Perfect Tense is rarely used
in spoken English. Many native speakers use Past Simple Tense instead.
For
Example:
- The dog bit me so I went to the hospital immediately. (both actions are Past Simple)
- They wanted to take rest immediately because they did not sleep for 2 days. (both actions are Past Simple)
These notes have been conceived and prepared by Sir Shahzad Ahmed.
Contact me: acquiescent.writer@gmail.com
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